Microstructures
by George Langford, Sc.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 1966
Copyright©
2005 by George Langford
Low Alloy Steels - Lesson 1 - Sixth specimen
Free machining steel at 200X etched
Here we have a free machining steel, shown as a transverse section at 200X with a Nital etch.  The material is AISI B1112 steel.  The dark phase is manganese sulfide (MnS) which has the FCC crystal structure of sodium chloride (NaCl) and which is quite ductile at hot working temperatures, in contrast to ferrous sulfide (FeS) which has a hexagonal crystal structure.

How would you expect the longigudinal versus transverse properties of this specimen to compare ?

Imagine what the longitudinal section looks like in comparison with the wrought iron previously discussed and then look at the answer below.


























The transverse strength and impact resistance are quite poor because cracks can propagate parallel to the MnS stringers, which are brittle at room temperature, and which do not bond well to the ferrite matrix.  This, of course, is what makes the steel free machining; the chips break easily and do not get entangled with the machinery.
Specimen 7 is next.